Electric meter.



W. STANLEY.

ELECTRIC METER.

Alymowmn HLED ma. 19. 19os.

Ifibented Nw 30, 1909.,

2 SHEBTS-SHEBT l.

W'. STANLEY.

ELECTRIC METER,

APPLICATION FILED MAR. 19, 1906.

` Patented Nov. 30, 1909.

2 SHEBTS--SHEL'L 2.

UNIWED ',STATES; PATENT OFFICE.

WILLIAM sTANLnY,o1" GREAT BAnnIdToN, MASSACHUSETTS, As'sIeNon To GENERALs ELECTRIC CQMPANfY, A CORPORATION 0F -NEWYORK.

i ELEcTnio METER.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Application mea march is, 190e. ser-iai No. 306,728.

' `To all 'whom 'it may co'nceri'i.:4

` Be it known that I, WILLIAM STANLEY, a' citizen oft-lie United States,residing at Great BarringtoirBerkshir'e county, State A5 ofMassacliusetts,l

and usefulIm rovenients in Electric Meters,

of which .thel 'ollowing is a full, clear,- andl exact description.v L,1

. My invention relatesy `to improvements in 19 electric wattmetersand-has for its object to produce a new andv :improved arrangement "ofenergizing circuits y"suitable for meters such'as I have described invmyJ applicatioii Serial-N0. 288,643, filed November'- j 2d, 1905. 11n"the: type` of 'l instrument there 'de'r'rbed ai resultanttorqueproportional 'to the., fnergy inthe. circuit y1s producedby thedifferential. action oftwo motor devices.

.Thett-or ue, of'each individual motor isr pro` 20 portiona tti thesquare'ofsthefiux energizing the motor, andthis` flux is proportional tothe vectorisuin. of the-currents representing the electrom'otive-foree"and the current in the circuitt'ohc measured. .25

ferred to, the field magnet structure of each motor' is wound with a`winding coni ectcd in shunt to the mains, and is also; wound `wtlijasecond separate winding connected iii series to `the external or workcircuit.`

'llie dimensions of these windings are pro-- portioned inwayswellunderstood in the art. Iirorder that the invention' may becarried out completely and the resultant'flu'xVA in cach motor be equalto the vector suin or' dilfereiiee of the electroiiiotive force andcurrent to be'ineasured, it isjnecessary that when the power factor ofthe external ciry cuit is unity', llic curi-ent flowing in the gir- 40cuitconiiected thereto slia'll bein phase willi t-liefcur'reut flowingin `the shunt circuit, and

inthe application referred to, various means. f are described foraccomplishing this result.

` The present invention' has for its object to provide a very simplemeans for obtaining similar results lwithout the use of two energizingfield niagnetcoils, and to provide iiieans for adjusting'tlic phase ofltlucurreiit to be delivered to the work circuit through the meter, soasto be inpliase with the current representing 'the electromotivc t forceon the circuit. to be n'ieasured," when the i power factor of theexternal circiiitJis unity, without the aid .or influence offaii'y otherphase influencing` device than that furnished iave invent/ed certainnew,

" shown the devicein cnnecti n paratus in whichV an independent armatureIn tliemeter of the application jalooile-rc-` by thecircuits themselves,by whichl I mean' that the circuit connections employed necessarilyproduce the desired phase coincidence ,without employing any specialadjusting devices for obtaining such result.

' .For they purpose of simplieitg I have w il as dismemberijs providedforeach motor,

[we motiiigui'shedfrom a device -in which Patented Nov. 30, 1909.

ian ap? tive devices have a :singledisk on which the two field magnetsact. :It will, however, he

usedin cornecti'onfiwith either a single or a double disk type. j p 'y IThe followingiis a description of my invent-ion, reference being ha tothe accompanyingdrawings, in whichg .p

Figure lpshows an apparatus with circuits embodying my invention, Fig. 2is a plan vview,`partly in section, ofthey apparatus.

Fi isa modified diagram of the circuits em odying; my` invention.- i V IReferring more particularly to the drawings, l and 2- are the poles oftwo torqueproducing devices, which, :Eor"convenience, are shown asformed on-a singlstamping 3.

' 4-.5 are two windings'uponthe poles l-JZ respectively.' r6-f7 are twodisks of alii'mi- 'num or other eonductin material which obvious, thatthecircuit arrangement can be lie inthe respective fiel s of said poles1 and -2.

48 9l are two attracting armatures of iron `situatedciii opposite sidesof their res active poles l and-Zand embracing thev isks 6. and 7. 10.is a brake magnet which embraces one of said disks. i

A The lstructure thus far described, except for the fact that theWindiii y s 4,5 are sin le windings as distinguishe from dou lewindings, isthe same as .that described `iii -iriy application abovereferred to, and is chosen in coiitradistinction to a form in rentswhich produce them, lproduce upon the moving structure opposing torques,each of which Varieswith the square of the energizing current'pandalsoof the flux which it becomes greater than the'other, the toi-ques becomeunbalancedand'the movable system rotates. 4If the flux A'produced by thecoilfl is ,proportional to the (-vcctor) sum'of ycurrents correspondingto the electromotive ki'ce and they current to be measured, and thefinir produced .by the coil 5 is proportional tothe (vector) vdiferenceof'currerlt corresponding to the electromotive force and current to bemeasured, the resultantM torque is proportionalA to both the .electro'motlve force andthe current to be.inears'ured,4

times the cosine of the anrleof hase difference between them, and thecvic'c beco'mes ay true -wattineten that is, measures the=energ`yio thecurrent passing to the translating' devices.A 1 g ,l As shownain Fi1,1.inzorder tocause the currentin thecoi 4to be proportional to thevector s'iimbf currents proportional 'to 'the :electromotive force andthe "current to 'be measuredyandthe currents-intlecoil 5 to beproportional to the vector difference of currents corresponding to theclectromotive force' andfcurrent to be measured, Iplace thetwocoilst'iind 5 in `series with a source of alternatingv current 11,and the translating devices 12;and place across the -mains' a 35.

transformer 113 constructed in the ordinary way a'nd having a singleprimary and two secondary windings. The primary 14-isconnectcdbetweenthe mains 15 and 16,and the secondaries'17 and 18 areconnected respcetively aroundI the-coils' 4 and 5. The trans-l Formerstmoni'lary 17 is .so connected to the 'coil 4 as to lendto send acurrent'through that. c oil inthe Same direction as the current l' whichHows-from the generator Lll through thatl coil to Ythe translatingdevice-12. l

vThe transformer seeomlary 18 is` con ncctcdto-the coil 5 so as `totendto send :r current through that coil in the opposite di- 4rcetiontothe current flowing,l gtrom the 'source ll through that coil to thetranslat-f ing?. device lL. The currents due to t d transformersecondaries I7 and l8tare equal and are proportional to theelectrmnotive force. '.lheI current `lowing through the coils 4 and 5lrom the' generator ll lo the translatinp,l devices l2 is proportionalto the current Sn )pliedA from the generator to those translatingdevices'. (allino the enr-` rent's which arti" proportional tot. leelectrornotiveforce al and the'curifents which are. -proportional to'the currentssnp lied to the.

v translatingr devices 12, itl-,willl e seen that.

the'cnrrcnt tlmvingzthrongh the coil 4 will he equal to the (vector)sumof the currents the-rotating` systenrivil y,the clectroniotive forceandcurrentA to be Ais flowing thronfrh the'translntin rectum, and willnotfcause'an the electromotivc. force and Q- i' l 941,468

difference ot' the elcctromotive force and `current to bje measured,that is, a-b. The

'ux -due lo the coil 4 will alsoI be proportional to the (vector) sum ofa-f-b, andthe flux due to lthe coil 5 will be proportional to the(vector) difference `(Lf-b. The two torqucs produced will bevproportional respectively to the squares ofl the (vector) snm a+?)and-the (vector) vdifference (1.-b, and since the' two torqnes opposeone nnother,` the resultant t'or ne tending tomovc' :l b'e proportionalto measured and 'the'cosin'e of the angle of lag between them, that is,willbeproportional to'a b cos. 0, where Q represents theI angle of lag.vTheforegoingis on the assumption that-the circuit formedbythe secondary17 und` the .coil a 4 'has sinilar velectrical constantstovthe circuitformed by the secondary.181ind the 'coilv case, the lcoils' 17` and 18being similar `to each other,fand the' coils 4 and!) bein simi- I,lar toeach other',l the. currents owing through the col-ls 4 and 5"when nocurrent devices 12 will equa land produce elds -und torques of simllaralue, butlof oppositedi* f resultant mot-ion to take place. This alanceof torques represents the no load condition of the meter. Thep'aths ofthe leinfrcuts flowingunderthese conditions arey indicated by dotted larrows. i When currents are supplied to the tranalatiin,r devices acurrent tlowiidg` from the ,gwneritor`1lI through the mainhl 'will pass'through the magnelizing winding 4 In thc direi-hon of the ,solid arrows, and in the saniedirection as the cul'- ljent from the coilA 17,represented `by the dotted arrow. 'lfhencc it will tlowthrough `the coil5 in the direction indicated by the solidI arrow, beingl in the oppositedirection to the current from the coilL 18, indicated hy the dottedarrow. l ".lhns it will be seen thatithesonree or line"'eurrent willflow through the magnetizing' windings 4 und 5 in oppositey directions,while the secondary When this isthe l currents induced in thesecundarios 17 and i IH will flow through said winding I in theV same'direction.- and consequentlyl the resultant current` composed of asecondary and the main current will flow in each mag net, producingmagnetizations proportional tothe (vector) sum and the'(vector)ditfcren'ce of such eonnwncnts. f

Whenthe current flowingr to the. "translating devices .l2 is ot unitypower factor, the currents flowing;- to the translating devices Maud thesecondary currents fiowing from the secomlaries 17 and 18 will 'coincidein phase, since the elect romolive, force induced upon the secondary to,that is, 180" froimthe electromotive force at the terminals of theprimarylieand there;

- for@ iS in Phew with, the 'elpetromotive force? applied to the lcolletfrom "the mains when-1:

and the eoil,-4,jand 'the .cui-rent flowing` through y the circuitincluding 'the' secondary coil. t8 and` `thc c'pil 5j indicated v by.dotted I.art

thesecondarysistauee to the inductnncefiftlieir respective'.

circuits. latine devices 12r froimth elciator'l'lhwill divide. parttlowing-throuli. part througlrtlie coil 17, at times,` dependent uponthe time constants oftliese two parallel.

circuits, and as the" timepconstants of4 these circuits are commontobotli the secondary* and line-currents current which flows through thecoil 4 will the component of theline .flow in phase with the secondarycurrent, provided the power factor of the external circuit is unity. Tna similar way it can'be shown thatgthe component ofthe line cur. rentwliichlflows through the coil '5 will be exactly oppositev in p liase'to the `secondary current in the vcircuit made up of the 'sec-V ondary1S and the coll 5, underthe conditi n's given.

' nl orden that the value of'tlie'two sec-` ondary currents furnished bythe -transi same, resistant-,es 19-20 ai'e introduced into thesecircuits. by the adjustment of either of which equalitj1 of currents-canbe produced.v lu'order that' the line currents may divide in.

exactly the samciratio inpassing' through. tlic coils 4 and 17 andtliejcoils 5i and 18,'

coiistitiiting two sets of parallel 'circuits,re`-

sistances 21-f-22 are provided, together with adjustable contacts22h-24. by which lthe points of intake/ot" the main line currents can bevaried. By-tliesc means l am able to irst adjust the value of thecurrent vfrom each secondary soth'at they shall be exactly condition,and the resultant magnetzationsofthe two windings tA and 5 areexactlyprosimilar components.

-portional to the vector sum-:and difference of Fig. 3 illustratesV anarrang'gernent.where atransforme'r 25 is employed to introduce into themeter circuits currents proportionalitethe main `line current of thecircuit to which the `instrument; is connected.y A second transformer 26is used to supply to the primary 17. is lin' opposite phasel formercoils 17 and 18 .may be exactlvtheof the transformerl 13 `of Fig. 1currents proportional to the electrom'oti-ve force of the circuit towhich the instrument is con.- .1 `|ie,cted.1 iThe transformer has itsprimary .circuit f2] connected in the main line and its llsecondary 28connected insel-ies with the l 4eiierpizingr.coilsof the meter, theconnections )eilig similar to the generator connections in r.l",ig.g1.This resultsl in causing a current;

i! pro ortional tothe current in the main line ycircuits'y being". 'us). will lag beh-ind. A .troinotl v'lo'lcen byf' an amount depending'upon .the i'atiof the 're-` ,i'rows-(Fig.3). i, The transformer 26 hasits ipriniury 29 connected between the mains ot the eiieratorf. whosepotential is to be measure 4 .,wliile its secondary 30 is connected in,-.serieswith'the primary 14 of the small potential.. rtral'lisfo'rmer13 belonging to the known manner.tliepotential of the system can bereduced before it reaches the secondtliejcurrents caused by the, shuntand series connection ivithFig. 1. and cause. the resultant-magneto-inotive 4torce proportional to a+?) in the coil of one motivedevice, and to rt-b in thectheigwliere aand l) represent. currentsproportional to the electro-motive force and current to be measured.Therioinents in Fig'. 3 are numbered to correspond to those inV Fig'. 1.

. tions,` andadaptations, and can be embodied in various forms. The form-l have shown and ,described` however. is the one which is preferredbyjme.

that I claim is:

1 1. ViIn n n alternating current watt-meter.

vices,producing opposing torques. each having;r a single energi'aiiigirwinding in series with' a source `ot current proportional totlie currentto befmcasurcd and -shuiitcd by' a source of current. proportional tothe electroniotive torce to be measured. I

2. liiaiu alternatingr current watt-meter. the combination of two torqueproducing de- 'ing a .single energizing winding in series current-to bemeasured and shunted by a transformer secondary to whose primary isapplied an electromotive force proportional to the eleetromotive forceto be measured.

3. lnyan alternating current Watt-meter. tbe'coinbination of two torqueproducing deing a single energizing winding in .series 'wth'a source ofcurrent proportional to the current to be measured and shunted by asource 4of current A'proportional to the electro motive force to -bemeasured, and resistanees in one of said shunts.

4. Tn an alternating current watt-meter,

meteixprol'iciz By this means, in the well` y invention permits ofvarious modificathe combination of two torque producingr dcvicesproducing opposingA torques, each hav ary transformer. T'lierelativedirections of transformersl are the saine as described in vicesproducing,opposing torques., each liavwith a soiirceof current.proportional to the lvicei-'fIn-ofuting opposing tor ues, each! av?"with a. lsource of lcurrent pro the combination of two torque producindevices producing opposing tor ues, .each 2N- ing a single energizingwin mg in series with a source of current pro ortlonal to the lcurrentto bev measured an Ishunted by 'n' source of currentproportonal to theelectromotive force tobe measuredwtheV circuitsE formed by the windingsand their respef" tive shunts having equal timeconstants.

5. In un alternatingy current watt-meter,

the ,combination of two torqueproducin def ing a single energizingwinfing in series ortlonal rto the current to'be measured an shunted by asource of.current'proportlonal. to the electro-t motive force to bemeasured, and means for equuliziug the time constants of the circut'sVwith a' source ofl current pro -formed by the windings and theirrespective z shunts.

